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REG topic guide

Like-kind exchanges for REG CPA candidates.

Like-kind exchange questions usually test whether gain is deferred, recognized because of boot, or disallowed because the property or purpose does not qualify.

By World of Accountants editorial team. Last reviewed August 23, 2026. World of Accountants is independent and not affiliated with the AICPA, NASBA, Becker, NINJA, UWorld, Gleim, or other CPA review providers.

REG sample question

Test the rule before you leave this REG guide.

Read the topic explanation, then use this real REG question to check whether the controlling fact is sticking.

REG-000001REG-IIIGross income

While preparing a client tax file, an employee receives wages for services performed during the year. How are the wages generally treated for federal tax purposes?

  1. A.The wages are included in gross income unless a specific exclusion applies.
  2. B.Excluded from gross income unless the employer separately reports the amount on an information return
  3. C.Deferred until the taxpayer uses the cash for personal expenses
  4. D.Taxable only to the extent the wages exceed the employee's unreimbursed work-related expenses
Answer: A. The wages are included in gross income unless a specific exclusion applies.

The wages are included in gross income unless a specific exclusion applies.

Why the other answers are wrong
  • B. The choice "The wages are excluded because they were earned through labor" misses the issue because compensation for services is generally taxable.
  • C. The choice "The wages are deferred until the employee spends the cash" misses the issue because taxation is not based on when the cash is spent.
  • D. The choice "Only half of the wages are taxable" misses the issue because there is no general rule taxing only half of wages.

Core idea

Section 1031 generally allows nonrecognition when qualifying business or investment real property is exchanged for like-kind real property. Deferral is not the same as permanent exclusion.

What REG likes to test

Watch for real property, business or investment use, boot received, debt relief, deferred exchange timing facts, qualified intermediary facts, and carryover basis.

Common miss

Candidates often say no gain is recognized without checking boot, or they treat personal-use property as if it qualifies.

How to practice

Ask four questions: does the property qualify, was boot received, what gain is realized, and what basis carries into the replacement property?

Practice loop

Use the topic, then answer questions while the idea is fresh.

Short practice sets are enough to expose whether the rule is sticking.

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